Ss S ü nnet, Soyad ı We mentioned in our explanation of Atat ü rk that soyad ı , or last names, were instituted in the 1930’s. Being such a recent addition, we are often amused at the names we hear because they still carry contemporary meaning—unlike Mefford, which doesn’t really mean anything to us in modern English. Friends with last names like Sepet ç i indicate their forefathers were probably basket-makers, or Y ıl maz, “dauntless,” signify a confident and fearless character. Hacio ğ lu, “son of the one who went on the Hajj,” means that somewhere along the line someone’s father made it on the holy trip to Mecca. Turkish last names have important meanings, but so do first names. Traditionally the first name is whispered into the baby’s ear three times before being announced, one of the first rights of passage. Names like Mehmet or Ay ş e are common because they come from important religious figures. Other names such as Erdem, “virtue” or G ül, “rose” obviously provi